Vèb ak patikil : ki jan yo konstwi

Ou konnen look. Ou konnen after, up, out ak for. Pourtan look after, look up, look out ak look for se kat vèb diferan, e konnen senk mo yo separeman prèske pa di anyen sou sans chak youn.

Se egzakteman sa yon vèb ak patikil ye : yon vèb òdinè plis yon ti mo — patikil la — ki ansanm vle di yon bagay nouvo. Kreyòl la gen yon mekanis ki sanble pou direksyon (kouri antre, mache monte, voye desann), men pou sans idyomatik yo, chak sans gen pwòp vèb li (« leve », « etenn », « abandone », « chèche »).

Patikil la se pa yon prepozisyon

Li gen menm aparans lan egzakteman, se poutèt sa gen konfizyon. Konpare :

• She ran up the hill. — up the hill se yon kote. Up gen rapò ak hill.
• She ran up a huge bill. — up gen rapò ak ran. Ansanm, yo vle di « akimile, fè monte ».

Nan premye fraz la, ou ka ranplase ak down the hill — se sèlman direksyon an ki chanje. Nan dezyèm lan, ran down ta vle di yon bagay tou diferan. Si ti mo a kole ak vèb la, pa ak sa ki vini apre, ou gen yon vèb ak patikil.

Yon detay pou remake : angle souvan mete direksyon an nan patikil la (run in, run out, walk up), kote kreyòl la souvan mete l nan yon dezyèm vèb (kouri antre, kouri soti).

Gen ki literal, pifò pa literal

Kèk vle di egzakteman sa nou dedwi nan pati yo :

• Sit down. · Stand up. · Come in.

Se ka fasil la, e se pa la pwoblèm lan ye. Pwoblèm lan se kote sans lan ale lwen nèt :

• The car broke down. — anyen pa kase « anba » ; machin nan sispann mache.
• I gave up. — pesonn pa bay pesonn anyen ; moun nan abandone.
• Can you look after the dog? — pesonn pa gade nan okenn direksyon ; li vle di « pran swen ».

Se poutèt sa lis yo pa mache — nou pa ka devine l, e tradui mo pou mo pa sèvi anyen. Fòk ou aprann yo kòm mo endepandan, egzakteman jan ou te aprann table oswa because nan tan pa yo.

Men, patikil yo gen yon ti lojik

Se pa règ, men tandans — ase pou yon nouvo vèb ak patikil pa parèt nèt abitrè.

Patikil	Souvan sijere	Egzanp
up	akonplisman, « jouk nan fen »	eat up, use up, fill up
out	fè soti oswa dekouvri	throw out, find out, sort out
on	kontinyasyon	carry on, hold on, go on
off	separasyon, entèripsyon	turn off, call off, take off
down	diminisyon oswa arè	turn down, slow down, break down
back	retou	give back, call back, go back

Eat ak eat up pa menm bagay la : eat up vle di « manje tout ». Nuans akonplisman sa a ak up tounen san rete.

20 premye yo

Fòk ou aprann yo anvan tout lòt yo. Chak youn tounen san rete nan lang chak jou a, e okenn pa dedwi nan eleman li yo.

Vèb ak patikil	Sans	Egzanp
get up	leve nan kabann	I get up at seven.
wake up	reveye	I woke up early.
turn on / off	limen / etenn	Turn off the light.
put on	mete (yon rad)	Put on your coat.
take off	wete (yon rad) ; dekole	Take off your shoes.
sit down / stand up	chita / kanpe	Please sit down.
come back	tounen	She came back at six.
go out	soti yon kote	We went out last night.
look for	chèche	I'm looking for my keys.
look after	okipe, pran swen	He looks after his sister.
find out	dekouvri, aprann	I found out the truth.
give up	abandone, renonse	Don't give up.
pick up	pran ; ranmase	Pick up the phone.
put off	ranvwaye	They put off the meeting.
turn up	parèt, rive	He turned up late.
get on with	antann ak yon moun	I get on with my boss.
run out of	manke (yon rezèv)	We ran out of milk.
break down	tonbe an pàn	The car broke down.
carry on	kontinye	Carry on, I'm listening.
grow up	grandi, vin granmoun	I grew up in Rome.

Kote pou mete konplemen an

An rezime : nòmalman de bò yo, men pwonon la toujou ale nan mitan.

• ✅ Turn off the light.
• ✅ Turn the light off.
• ✅ Turn it off.
• ❌ Turn off it.

Gen vèb ak patikil ki pa janm separe — look after toujou rete antye, kidonk sèlman look after her, men pa « look her after ». Konnen ki vèb ki separe e ki yo ki pa separe se erè ki pi souvan nan sijè sa a, e nou konsakre yon atik apa ba li.

Nan konvèsasyon

Yon maten

A: You look tired.

B: I woke up at five and couldn't get back to sleep. Then the car broke down on the way here.

A: Oh no. Did you find out what's wrong with it?

B: Not yet. I'll pick it up from the garage tomorrow — if they don't put it off again.

Sèt vèb ak patikil nan kat replik. Dansite sa a se nòm nan, e se egzakteman poutèt sa nou pa ka evite yo : yon moun ki evite vèb ak patikil yo sonnen sèk e « pa natirèl », menm si li chwazi chak mo byen.

Teste sa ou fèk li a

Tès ki anba a repase ven vèb ki anwo yo ak pèlen lòd mo nan turn it off la.