这些词几乎会出现在任何一段对话、任何一堂课、任何一场 A1 水平的考试里。分成小组来学,不要一口气背一长串单词表。
家庭
- 父母: mother / mum, father / dad
- 孩子: son, daughter, child(复数 children)
- 同一辈: brother, sister
- 更广的亲属: grandmother, grandfather, aunt, uncle, cousin
- 配偶: husband, wife, partner
I have one brother and two sisters. My parents live in Turin.
注意:people 是 person 的复数,children 是 child 的复数。两个都不是加 -s 那种规则变化。
怎么介绍自己的家庭
- I'm an only child.(没有兄弟姐妹)
- I'm married / single / divorced.
- my older brother · my younger sister(不是「more old」)
- step- 表示父母再婚后组成的新家庭:stepmother, stepbrother
- -in-law 表示配偶那边的亲属:mother-in-law, brother-in-law
注意:grandparents 同时包括祖父母双方;而 my parents' house 里 s 后面要加撇号。
房间与家里的东西
| 房间 | 房间里的物品 |
|---|---|
| kitchen | fridge, cooker, table |
| bedroom | bed, wardrobe, lamp |
| bathroom | shower, mirror, towel |
| living room | sofa, TV, window |
There is a sofa in the living room.
住所有两个词:house 是独栋的房子,flat(美式英语是 apartment)则是大楼里的一套房子。另外还会用到:upstairs, downstairs, garden, balcony, front door, stairs, ground floor。
日常作息
按顺序排列的日常动词:
wake up → get up → have a shower → get dressed → have breakfast → go to work / go to school → have lunch → come home → have dinner → go to bed
有两点值得注意:
- 吃饭和洗漱都用 have:have breakfast、have lunch、have a shower。如果说的是"吃"早饭,不要用 make breakfast。
- get up 和 wake up 不是一回事:先 wake up(睁开眼睛),然后才 get up(起床)。
再补充几个能撑起完整一天的说法:brush my teeth, get ready, catch the bus, do my homework, watch TV, tidy up, do the washing-up, take the dog out, fall asleep。
Have、do 还是 make?
几乎所有的家务动作都由这三个动词承包,英语按习惯分配它们,而不是按逻辑:
| have | do | make |
|---|---|---|
| a shower, breakfast, a break | the washing-up, the shopping, homework | the bed, dinner, a cup of tea, a mess |
注意这一对:晚饭先 make(做),然后 have(吃)。
怎么表达"什么时候"
- every day / every morning
- at seven o'clock —— 用于具体的时间点
- in the morning / afternoon / evening
- at night(不是 in the night)
I get up at half past six in the morning every day.
再加上 first, then, after that,你就能把一整天串起来:First I have a shower, then I have breakfast.
要成组地学,而不是一个词一个词学。 Have a shower、catch the bus、go to bed——这些搭配没有一个是从单个词推导出来的,单独翻译动词就会出错。要整块地记住它们。
把它们放在一起
I live in a small flat with my sister. There are two bedrooms and a kitchen. I wake up at seven, have a shower, and go to work at eight.
家庭、住所、作息和时间——四组词汇,现在你可以自己写出这样一段话了。
相识
A: Do you live near here?
B: Quite near — I share a flat with my sister. Do you have any brothers or sisters?
A: No, I'm an only child. What time do you start work?
B: Nine, but I get up at six. I like a slow morning.
家庭、住所、作息和时间——还是这四组词汇,只是放进了一段真实的对话里。
自测一下
下面的测验涉及复数形式、have 的搭配,以及表示时间的介词。