食物词汇是 A2 水平里最实用的一组,而它还附带一个语法难点,所以值得放在一起学。
可数还是不可数?
| 可数(a, two, many) | 不可数(some, much) |
|---|---|
| an apple, two eggs | bread, rice, cheese |
| a potato, three carrots | milk, water, coffee |
| a sandwich, two biscuits | meat, fish, sugar |
How many eggs? 但是 How much bread?
要给不可数名词加上数量,要借助容器或计量单位:
- a bottle of water, a glass of juice, a cup of tea
- a slice of bread / cake, a piece of cheese
- a kilo of rice, a packet of pasta
- a tin of tomatoes, a jar of jam, a bar of chocolate
有两个词会变换阵营:在咖啡馆点单说 two coffees (两杯咖啡),而 a chicken 指的是一整只鸡,chicken 则指鸡肉。
烹饪动词
- boil —— 用水煮(意大利面、鸡蛋)
- fry —— 用油在锅里煎、炒
- bake —— 用烤箱烤(面包、蛋糕)
- roast —— 用烤箱烤(肉类、蔬菜)
- grill —— 用明火直接烤
- chop / slice —— 切成块 / 切成薄片
- stir / mix / pour / peel —— 食谱说明里常见的一些小动作
I usually fry an egg and boil some rice.
注意,食谱通常用祈使句来写:Peel the potatoes. Add the eggs and stir for two minutes.
看懂菜单
| 菜单上的词 | 意思 |
|---|---|
| starter | 前菜,正餐前的小份菜 |
| main course | 主菜 |
| side | 配菜,搭配主菜的小份菜 |
| dessert | 餐后甜点 |
| the bill | 账单(美式英语用 the check) |
菜单上还会看到:the specials(今日特色菜)、service charge(服务费已含小费)、set menu(固定价格的套餐)、still or sparkling(无气还是有气的水)。
点餐
- Could I have the soup, please?
- I'll have the chicken.
- Does it come with rice?
- I'm allergic to nuts.
- I'm vegetarian — I don't eat meat.
- Could we have the bill, please?
「I'll have…」 是标准又自然的点餐方式。I want the soup 语法上没问题,但在英语母语者听来会显得生硬。
服务员会说的话
| 你会听到 | 意思 |
|---|---|
| Are you ready to order? | 准备好点餐了吗? |
| How would you like it cooked? | 问几分熟:rare / medium / well done |
| Anything to drink with that? | 要不要喝点什么? |
| Is everything all right with your meal? | 用餐过程中的例行询问——回答 Lovely, thanks 即可 |
| Would you like anything else? | 问要不要甜点、咖啡 |
预订座位
- I'd like to book a table for two, please. · For eight o'clock, if possible.
- We've got a reservation under Petrov.
- Do you have anything earlier?
描述味道
sweet, salty, spicy, sour, bitter, fresh, rich, tasty
This soup is a bit too salty. The sauce is quite spicy.
英语里礼貌的抱怨方式故意说得很委婉:I'm sorry, but I think this is a bit undercooked. · Excuse me, this isn't quite what I ordered.
可数性是这个词本身的属性,和食物是什么没关系。 Bread 不可数,而 a sandwich 可数,尽管它们其实是同一种东西的不同形态。这一点推不出来:行为规则就写死在名词本身里,所以要连着计量单位一起学食物词——a slice of bread、two eggs。
一顿完整的晚餐
A: Are you ready to order?
B: Yes — I'll have the soup to start, and the chicken. Does it come with rice?
A: It comes with potatoes, but I can change that. Anything to drink?
B: A glass of the red, please. And still water for the table.
A: Of course. Any allergies I should know about?
I'll have、come with、计量单位,还有那句如今几乎每家餐厅都会问的过敏询问。
自测一下
下面的测验涉及可数性、计量单位和点餐用语。