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动名词与不定式:-ing 还是 to?

哪些动词后面要接 -ing,哪些要接 to,再加上几个两种形式都能用、但意思会变的动词。

当一个动词后面紧跟着另一个动词时,英语要求你做出选择:-ing 还是 to。这背后并没有一条能预测结果的规则——用哪种形式,是由第一个动词自己决定的——所以按组来记会更有效。

后面接 -ing 的动词

enjoy, avoid, finish, mind, suggest, consider, imagine, practise, deny, admit, risk, miss, keep, give up

I enjoy cooking.

She avoided answering the question.

Would you mind waiting?

后面接 to + 动词 的动词

want, hope, plan, decide, promise, agree, offer, refuse, manage, learn, afford, seem, expect, pretend

We decided to leave early.

He promised to call.

I can't afford to buy it.

动词 + 人 + to 的结构

有一大组动词,中间必须加上一个人:tell, ask, advise, allow, persuade, remind, encourage, want, expect, teach。

She asked me to wait.

They allowed us to leave early.

I want you to see this.

注意:want 是这样用的,但 suggest 不是:❌ I suggest you to come → ✅ I suggest that you come 或 I suggest coming。

还有三个动词后面接动词原形

在 make, let 和表示"强迫、下令"意思的 have 后面,to 会消失。

  • They made me wait.(不是「made me to wait」)
  • She let him go.
  • Help 两种说法都可以:He helped me carry it / helped me to carry it。

介词后面永远接 -ing

这里没有例外,而所有人都会在这里栽跟头。

She is good at solving problems.

Thanks for helping.

I'm interested in learning more.

小心那些用作介词的「to」:

I look forward to hearing from you.(不是 to hear)

I'm used to working late.

如果 to 是 look forward to 或 be used to 这类固定搭配里的一部分,它就是介词用法,后面要接 -ing。

-ing 作主语,to 表示目的

-ing 形式可以作主语——而且按单数处理:

  • Swimming is good for you. · Learning a language takes time.

而动词原形前面单独加 to,说明的是你做某件事是为了什么:

  • I came here to study.(= 为了学习)
  • She phoned to apologise.

两种形式都可以,但意思不同

remember / forget

I remembered to lock the door.(想起来了,然后锁了门)

I remember locking the door.(记得自己锁过门这件事)

stop

He stopped smoking.(戒烟了)

He stopped to smoke.(停下来,是为了抽根烟)

try

Try to open the window.(努力去开)

Try opening the window.(试试这个办法——说不定管用)

mean

I meant to call you.(本来打算)

This means working weekends.(意味着、会导致)

regret

I regret to inform you…(正式用语:接下来要说一个坏消息)

I regret telling her.(后悔告诉了她)

贯穿这些对比的规律是——to 望向前方,指向目的或意图;-ing 回望过去,指向动作本身。

两种形式没有区别

begin, start, continue, like, love, hate, prefer —— 两种都可以。

It started to rain / started raining.

有一个细节:would like / would love 后面只能接 to。I like swimming(泛指、一般而言),但 I'd like to swim(此刻想要)。

自测一下

下面的测验里也包含会改变意思的那几组动词。

自我检测:测验:动名词与不定式 →