介词在不同语言之间几乎从不对应,所以逐字翻译会产生一些多年都改不掉的错误。下面这些,是值得从这里开始记的。
动词 + 介词
这些词语搭配是固定的。它们没有什么逻辑可讲——当作一个整体来记。
| 正确 | 常见错误 |
|---|---|
| depend on | depend of |
| listen to | listen 后不加介词 |
| wait for | wait 后不加介词 |
| arrive at(地点)/ in(城市) | arrive to |
| look for(寻找) | search 后不加介词 |
| ask for(请求) | ask 后不加介词 |
| belong to | belong of |
| apologise for | apologise about |
| succeed in | succeed to |
| complain about | complain on |
| consist of | consist from |
| pay for | pay 后不加介词 |
请注意这些动词:在英语里不需要介词,而在其他语言里往往需要:
- ✅ I'll phone you.(不说 "phone to you")
- ✅ Let's discuss the budget.(不说 "discuss about")
- ✅ She entered the room.(不说 "entered in")
- ✅ I married him.(不说 "married with")
- ✅ It affects the result.(不说 "affects on")
形容词 + 介词
- interested in, good at, afraid of, proud of
- responsible for, similar to, different from
- worried about, keen on, aware of, capable of
- married to, famous for, dependent on
She's good at maths and interested in physics.
名词 + 介词
名词也有各自固定的介词搭配,在书面英语中会反复出现。
| 名词 | 介词 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| reason | for | the reason for the delay |
| solution | to | a solution to the problem |
| increase / decrease | in | an increase in prices |
| effect / impact | on | the effect on sales |
| difference | between | the difference between them |
| interest | in | an interest in history |
| advantage | of | the advantage of waiting |
表示时间:in、on、at
| 介词 | 用于 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| at | 精确的时刻、夜晚 | at 6pm, at night |
| on | 星期和日期 | on Monday, on 5 May |
| in | 月份、年份、较长的时间段 | in July, in 2026, in the morning |
有一个值得单独记住的例外:at night,但要说 in the morning / afternoon / evening。
容易混淆的几组搭配
- for + 持续时间 / during + 事件:for two hours · during the meeting
- by——不迟于某个时间点 / until——一直持续到某个时间点:Finish it by Friday(截止日期)· Wait until Friday(一直等到那天)
- since + 起始点 / from … to 表示一个时间段:since 2016 · from nine to five
- in + 未来的一段时间:I'll be back in ten minutes.(不说 "after ten minutes")
表示地点:in、on、at
- in——在某个空间内部:in the box, in London
- on——在某个表面上:on the table, on the wall
- at——在某个点上或某个活动现场:at the bus stop, at the meeting
I'll meet you at the station, on platform 3, in the waiting room.
移动与所处位置
表示移动通常用 to、into 或 onto;表示所处位置用 in、at 或 on。
- I went to the office. / I was at the office.
- She walked into the room. / She was in the room.
有两个动词是例外:arrive 搭配 at/in,从不搭配 to;而 get 搭配 to——I arrived at the airport · I got to the airport。
交通工具
by 表示出行方式,on / in 表示具体的交通工具:
- by car, by train, by bus, by plane——但要说 on the train、in the car 以及 on foot(绝不说 "by foot")。
这是词汇问题,不是语法问题。 没有哪条规则能推导出 depend on 或 a solution to——介词本身就是这个词的一部分。要把它当作一个整体来记:不是单记 reason,而是记 reason for——这样错误就会自然消失。
一段短对话里的所有介词
A: What time do you arrive in London?
B: At half past six, if the train's on time. I'll wait for you at the barrier.
A: I might be late — it depends on the traffic.
B: No problem. I'll be there until seven anyway.
Arrive in 加城市,at 加精确时间,wait for 加人,depend on 加情况,until 表示整个时间段——短短四句话里用了五种不同的搭配。
自测
下面的测验专门针对那些最容易被逐字翻译影响的搭配。