这组词汇是那种你希望用不上、但一旦用上就会很庆幸自己会说的词汇。分三个部分:怎么说哪里不对劲;常见的病症本身;还有看病的整个过程。
怎么说哪里不对劲
三个最常用的句型:
- I've got a … / I have a … —— I've got a headache. · I have a cold.
- My … hurts —— My back hurts. · My throat hurts.
- I feel … —— I feel sick. · I feel dizzy.
假朋友提醒: 英式英语里 I feel sick 的意思是"我想吐",而不是"我整体感觉不舒服"。表达后者要说 I feel ill 或 I'm not well。
以 -ache 结尾的词
headache, toothache, stomachache, backache, earache —— 都是连写的一个词。
I've got a headache.(可数,加 a)
I've got toothache.(英式英语里常按不可数处理)
常见病症
a cold · the flu · a cough · a sore throat · a temperature / a fever · food poisoning · an allergy · a rash
I think I've got the flu — I've got a temperature and my whole body aches.
注意这里的冠词用法:a cold、a cough,但是 the flu——这种不规则的地方直接记住就好,不必去推导逻辑。
怎么更精确地描述症状
医生会追问细节,下面这些词就是用来回答的:
| 问题 | 有用的回答 |
|---|---|
| What kind of pain is it? | sharp, dull, burning, aching |
| How bad is it? | mild, quite bad, unbearable |
| Is it constant? | it comes and goes · all the time |
| Does anything make it worse? | It's worse when I walk. |
还有描述身体反应的动词:swell up, bleed, itch, ache, feel numb。
在医生那里
- I'd like to make an appointment.
- What seems to be the problem?(医生标准的开场问题)
- How long have you had this? —— Since Monday. / For three days.
- Are you allergic to anything?
- Are you on any medication?
- I'll write you a prescription.
- Take one tablet twice a day, after meals.
注意这里的现在完成时:How long have you had it? 症状是过去开始的,并且一直持续到现在。
还可能听到:I'm going to refer you to a specialist. · We'll need to run some tests. · It should clear up in a few days.
在药店
- Have you got anything for a sore throat?
- Do I need a prescription for this?
- painkillers · tablets · cough syrup · plasters(美式英语:Band-Aids)· antibiotics
Over the counter 的意思是"不需要处方就能买到"——这个说法值得提前记住。
紧急情况
- Call an ambulance!
- It's an emergency.
- He's unconscious. / She can't breathe.
- A&E(英国说法)——急诊科。美国说法是 the ER。
各国的急救电话不同:英国是 999,美国是 911,欧盟是 112。
三句话就够了。 是什么症状、在哪个部位、持续多久。—— I've got a sore throat, it's on the right side, and it started three days ago. 这些信息对医生来说已经足够。真正让人为难的,反而是硬要回想那些半生不熟的医学词汇。
一次简短的问诊
Doctor: What seems to be the problem?
Patient: I've had a bad cough for about a week, and now I've got a temperature.
Doctor: Any pain when you breathe?
Patient: A bit — it's worse at night. It comes and goes.
Doctor: Are you allergic to anything? I'll write you a prescription.
三种句型、表示持续时间的现在完成时、一个精确的症状描述,加上标准的结束语。
自测一下
下面的测验涉及这三种句型和问诊常用语。