Reported speech : ki jan pou rapòte sa yon lòt moun di

Lè w ap rapòte pawòl yon lòt moun, angle nòmalman fè vèb la tounen yon kran nan pase a. Se backshift la, youn nan konstriksyon ki pi itil nan nivo B1 : li retounen tout tan nan egzamen, nan lèt ak nan istwa chak jou. Kreyòl la pa fè sa : Li te di li fatige kenbe vèb la menm jan li te ye (li fatige), san okenn chanjman. Se poutèt sa backshift se yon bagay ou dwe aprann ak atansyon.

Chanjman debaz la

"I am tired," she said. → She said she was tired.

"We finished it," he said. → He said they had finished it.

Diskou dirèk	Diskou rapòte
present simple	past simple
present continuous	past continuous
past simple	past perfect
present perfect	past perfect
will	would
can	could
must / have to	had to
may	might

Past perfect la pa tounen pi lwen — se pwen ki pi lwen nan pase a. Could, should, might, would ak ought to pa tounen an aryè tou : yo pa gen yon fòm ki pi pase.

"You should call him." → She said I should call him.

Lòt sa ki chanje

Mo ki lye ak « isit la ak kounye a » moun k ap pale a chanje tou. Nan kreyòl, yo pa chanje : Li di l ap rele m demen rete demen menm si se lòt jou. An angle, yo dwe chanje :

• I / my → he / his, she / her
• here → there
• this → that
• today → that day ; tomorrow → the next day ; yesterday → the day before
• now → then

"I'll call you tomorrow," he said. → He said he would call me the next day.

Ki lè chanjman an PA nesesè

Si sa yo te di a rete vre, chanjman an fakiltatif e souvan yo evite l :

"Water boils at 100°C." → She said water boils at 100°C. ✅

"I live in Prague." → He said he lives in Prague. ✅ (li toujou rete la)

Si vèb ki prezante a nan prezan (says, tells me), anyen pa chanje ditou :

He says he is busy.

Sa chanjman an vle di vre — distans, pa tan. Fòm ki tounen an aryè a make pawòl yo kòm rapò sou yon lòt moun ; kenbe prezan an vle di ou reponn pou yo ou menm.

Kesyon rapòte yo

De bagay chanje : lòd mo yo tounen lòd abityèl la, e do/does/did disparèt.

"Where do you live?" → She asked where I lived. (e pa where did I live)

"Are you coming?" → He asked whether/if I was coming.

Kesyon ki pa gen mo kesyon egzije if oswa whether (tankou si an kreyòl : Li mande m si m ap vini). Yo pa pran pwen d entèwogasyon. Atansyon : kreyòl la pa gen inivèsyon ni do, kidonk erè ki pi komen se bliye backshift la (❌ She asked where I live) oswa mete òksilyè a nan plas (❌ She asked where did I live).

Demann ak lòd

Yo sèvi ak to + vèb :

"Please wait." → She asked me to wait.

"Don't touch it." → He told me not to touch it.

Kreyòl la sèvi ak vèb la poukont li (Li mande m tann, Li di m pa manyen li). An angle, ou bezwen to : ❌ She asked me wait, ❌ He told me don't touch it.

Say ak tell

Tell egzije yon moun, say non.

❌ He said me he was late. ✅ He told me he was late. / He said he was late.

Kreyòl la sèvi ak yon sèl vèb, di, pou toulède (Li di m li an reta, Li di li an reta). Se pou sa moun ki pale kreyòl souvan ekri said me. Remake lè gen yon moun (me, us, him), sèvi ak tell.

Mo that apre toulède fakiltatif : He said (that) he was late. San li, sa sonnen pi familye. Nan kreyòl, ke tou ka omèt (Li di li an reta), kidonk pa pè kite that soti.

Vèb ki prezante ki pi presi

Say ak tell bon pou tout bagay, men yon vèb presi kominike entansyon pawòl yo, pa sèlman kontni yo — se egzakteman sa ki fè rapò ekri a ka li.

Vèb	Modèl	Egzanp
explain	that…	She explained that the system was down.
admit	-ing / that…	He admitted making a mistake.
suggest	-ing / that…	She suggested waiting a week.
offer	to + vèb	He offered to help.
refuse	to + vèb	She refused to sign.
promise	to + vèb	They promised to call back.
warn	somebody (not) to…	He warned us not to be late.
complain	that…	She complained that it was too slow.
deny	-ing	He denied seeing the email.

Konpare He said he wouldn't sign it ak He refused to sign it — dezyèm nan pi kout e li di plis.

Pase yon mesaj

A: Did you speak to Dana?

B: I did. She said the report wasn't ready and asked if we could move the meeting.

A: Did she say when she'd have it?

B: She promised to send it by Thursday, but she warned me not to count on the morning.

Yon dekalaj tan vèb nan tout tèks la, yon kesyon rapòte san inivèsyon ak de vèb ki prezante presi, ki chak ranplase yon fraz antye.

Teste sa ou fèk li a

Nan tès ki anba a, gen dekalaj tan vèb yo, kesyon rapòte yo ak diferans ant say/tell.