Past perfect : pase anvan pase a
Had + patisip pase — ki lè pou sèvi ak li vrèman, ki lè past simple ase, ak poukisa li sove yon fraz ki konfizyonan.
Tout lòt tan pase yo mete ou sou yon sèl pwen nan pase a. Past perfect la pèmèt ou rekile apati pwen sa a epi di sa ki te pase menm anvan.
- When I arrived, the train had left.
De fèt pase, e lòd la konprann grasa gramè sèlman : tren an te pati an premye. Kreyòl la sèvi ak yon sèl ti mo, te, pou tou de (Lè m rive, tren an te pati), e se kontèks la ki fè wè ki fèt ki vini anvan. An angle, ou dwe chwazi fòm nan.
Fòm nan
had + patisip pase (twazyèm fòm vèb la)
Had se menm jan pou tout moun — okenn eksepsyon, anyen pou akòde, menm jan ak te kreyòl la. Sa vle di : She had gone, They had gone.
| Afimasyon | I had finished. · She had gone. |
| Negasyon | We hadn't started. |
| Kesyon | Had you seen it before? |
| Fòm kout | I'd finished. · They'd left. |
Atansyon ak kontraksyon an : I'd isit la se I had, men nan lòt kontèks se I would. Se mo ki vini apre a ki fè diferans lan : I'd finished (twazyèm fòm → had), I'd finish (fòm debaz → would).
Pou ki sa li sèvi
Pou rann lòd la san anbigwite
- When I arrived, the train left. — mwen rive nan estasyon an, answit tren an pati. Gen anpil chans mwen te pran l.
- When I arrived, the train had left. — li te pati anvan. Mwen rive twò ta.
Menm mo yo — yon rezilta opoze. Tan vèb sa a egziste egzakteman pou sa.
Pou eksplike yon sitiyasyon pase
- She was upset because she had failed the exam.
- The ground was wet — it had rained overnight.
Past simple la bay sitiyasyon an menm, past perfect la bay kòz ki te vini anvan l.
Ak already, just, never, by the time
Mo sa yo gade dèyè depi yon pwen pase e yo mennen past perfect avèk yo.
- By the time we got there, they had already eaten.
- It was the best film I had ever seen.
- I had never been abroad before that trip.
Ki lè li pa nesesè
Isit la, moun k ap aprann angle souvan fè twòp pa prekosyon. Si lòd la deja evidan — grasa before, after oswa senpleman bon sans —, past simple la sonnen natirèl nèt. Kreyòl la rakonte yon suit fèt san mak espesyal (Mwen dine epi mwen al dòmi) ; angle fè menm bagay la ak past simple, san past perfect.
- ✅ I had dinner and then I went to bed. (suit la evidan)
- ✅ After she left, I called him. (after deja di ki sa ki te vini anvan)
Yon past perfect nan chak fraz yon istwa se siy klasik yon moun ki fèk aprann li. Moun ki pale angle depi yo piti sèvi ak li kote liy tan an fè vrèman yon sote an aryè : anjeneral yon fwa oswa de fwa pa paragraf, pa nan chak fraz.
Past perfect nan diskou endirèk
Lè ou rapòte yon bagay yo te di nan pase a, past simple la nòmalman rekile yon pa :
- "I lost my keys." → He said he had lost his keys.
- "We have finished." → They said they had finished.
Present perfect la menm jan ak past simple la tonbe nan past perfect, paske pa gen okenn rekile posib ankò.
Nan konvèsasyon
Rive twò ta
A: Why didn't you come to the party?
B: I did, but by the time I got there everyone had gone home.
A: Really? It had only just started when I left.
B: Well, I'd been at work until ten. I'd never finished that late before.
Chak past perfect make isit la yon bagay ki anvan moman nou ap pale a. Past simple senp yo — came, got, left — soutni liy tan prensipal la.
Teste sa ou fèk li a
Tès ki anba a repase distenksyon lòd fèt yo ak ka kote past simple la se pi bon opsyon an.