Rakonte istwa konplèks ak fasilite

Rakonte yon long istwa se yon konpetans ki apa de konvèsasyon an. Fò ou jere plizyè plan tan an menm tan, pa pèdi moun k ap koute a epi mennen istwa a jiska chit li. Kreyòl la fè menm distenksyon yo ak mak (te pou sa ki pase a, t ap pou sa ki te ap fèt, te deja pou sa ki rive anvan), men pa ak fòm vèb la. An angle, vèb la li menm chanje fòm (had left, was walking), sa ki fè travay la pi difisil: ou dwe chwazi fòm nan, e anpil nan yo iregilye.

Premyèman, mete dekò a

Moun ki rakonte ak fasilite oryante moun k ap koute a anvan, epi yo pase sou reyalite yo apre sa sèlman.

This was back when I was still working in Munich, so about five years ago.

Kòmansman ki itil : This was when..., A while back..., I don't know if I've told you this, but...

Past perfect pou sa ki te pase anvan

Liy prensipal la ale nan past simple ; tout sa ki te pase anvan ale nan past perfect (sa an kreyòl ki gen te deja).

• By the time I arrived, they had already left.
• I realised I had forgotten my passport.

San sa, lòd evènman yo kraze : I realised I forgot my passport pa montre sa ki te pase an premye.

Past continuous pou dekò a

• I was walking to the office when my phone rang.

Aksyon dekò a ale nan continuous ; evènman ki entèwonp li a nan simple. Pè sa a fè pi gwo travay la nan yon istwa oral (tankou Mwen t ap mache lè telefòn mwen sonnen an kreyòl).

Yon sekans san « then » ki pa fini

Yon istwa fèb se yon chèn and then... and then.... Yon istwa fliyid varye :

• At first, ... but after a while, ...
• Meanwhile, ...
• Just as I was leaving, ...
• It turned out that ...
• Eventually, ...
• The next thing I knew, ...

Ki jan pou site moun yo nan istwa a

Reported speech la presi, men li tèn. Nan yon istwa oral, nou pito pase nan diskou dirèk, e pou sa angle gen pwòp repètwa prezantatè familye li :

• So she says, "You can't park there." (prezan, gade pi ba)
• And I'm like, "Since when?" (trè komen, familye)
• He goes, "It's been a bus lane for months." (familye, ak yon nuans naratif)
• She was going on about the parking again. (istwa ak atitid)

Kenbe said ak told pou ekriti ; rès la, pou lapawòl, epi pa melanje rejis yo nan yon menm istwa.

Prezan nan istwa a

Moun ki pale angle depi yo piti souvan pase nan prezan nan mitan istwa a pou ba li lavi:

So I walk in, and there he is, sitting at my desk.

Se yon pwosede stilistik espre, pa yon erè. Kreyòl la pa gen tèminezon vèb, kidonk chanjman tan an pa vizib ladan l; an angle li vizib nan vèb la, kidonk kenbe l konstan sou tout pasaj la epi pa glise ladan l pa aksidan.

Reyaksyon andedan istwa a

Sa ki distenge yon naratè fliyid ak yon senp naratè kòrèk, se apresyasyon an : yon endikasyon bay moun k ap koute a sou jan pou entèprete chak evènman.

• …which was odd, because the office was supposed to be empty.
• Believe it or not, nobody had noticed.
• To be fair, I hadn't exactly explained myself.
• Bear in mind I'd never done this before.

San yo, istwa a se yon lis reyalite. Avèk yo, li jwenn yon pwen de vi.

Ki jan pou kenbe atansyon

• You'll never guess what happened next.
• And this is the strange part — ...
• Long story short, ... (lè ou vle sote devan)

Yo atann yon reyaksyon nan men moun k ap koute a, e kite l plas pou l bay li fè pati metye a: Really? · What did you do? · You're joking. Apre yon gwo koudèy, pi bon pou fè yon poz pase pou prese.

Ki jan pou tounen apre yon dijresyon

Long istwa yo ka devye. Angle gen fòmil prèt pou tounen sou sijè a :

• Anyway, where was I?
• Sorry, I'm going off on a tangent.
• Anyway — so we're standing outside at midnight…

Mo ki pi enpòtan isit la se anyway: yon sèl mo fèmen dijresyon an epi li louvri liy prensipal la ankò.

Ki jan pou fini

Yon istwa bezwen yon fen ki siyale li fini.

• Anyway, that's why I never fly with them now.
• In the end, it worked out fine.
• And that was that.

San siyal fèmti, moun k ap koute a pa konnen si se lè pou l reyaji.

Tan vèb yo pote estrikti a: past perfect pou anvan an, past continuous pou sèn nan, past simple pou reyalite yo, prezan pou moman ki pi vivan yo. Moun k ap koute a swiv yon istwa konplèks atravè pasaj sa yo san li pa remake yo, e li pèdi lè yo manke.

Menm modèl la an miniati

A : Did I tell you about the flat viewing? This was just after we'd moved back.

B : No — go on.

A : So we're standing outside at eight in the morning, and the agent goes, "Sorry, it went yesterday." Which was odd, because he'd emailed me the night before.

B : You're joking.

A : Anyway, that's why we ended up in Leyton. In the end it worked out fine.

Dekò, aryè plan nan past perfect, prezan pou sèn nan, prezantatè familye pou sitasyon an, apresyasyon, plas kite pou reyaksyon moun k ap koute a ak siyal fèmti: tout estrikti a nan senk replik.

Mete sa ou aprann nan a leprèv

Tès kap vini an konsène akò tan vèb yo ak mak estrikti istwa a.