这些词都很短,出现频率极高,而且一旦记错了,很容易一直错下去。这张表值得一次性彻底学会。
五组形式
| 主格 | 宾格 | 形容词性物主代词 | 名词性物主代词 | 反身代词 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | me | my | mine | myself |
| you | you | your | yours | yourself |
| he | him | his | his | himself |
| she | her | her | hers | herself |
| it | it | its | — | itself |
| we | us | our | ours | ourselves |
| they | them | their | theirs | themselves |
主格还是宾格?
主格是动作的发出者,宾格是动作的承受者。
- She called me.(她打电话,我接到电话)
- We invited them.
❌ Me and John went to the shop. ✅ John and I went to the shop.(我们去——所以是主格)
快速判断法——把另一个人去掉。Me went 明显不对,所以应该是 I went。同样的方法在句末也适用:He invited John and I → He invited I?不对——所以应该是 John and me。
My 还是 mine?
My 放在名词前面。Mine 代替整个「my + 名词」的组合。
- That is my bag.
- That bag is mine.(不是 my)
❌ That is mine bag. ✅ That is my bag.
名词性物主代词用来回答 whose(谁的)这个问题:
- Whose coat is this? —— It's hers. / Mine.
反身代词:当动作的发出者和承受者是同一个人时
当主语和宾语指的是同一个人时,需要用 -self 结尾的形式。
- I hurt myself.(不是「I hurt me」)
- She taught herself to code.
- Help yourself to coffee.
它们也可以用来加强语气:I made it myself. 另外,by myself 表示「独自一人」——I went by myself.
撇号的用法
对于人,加上 's:
- Anna's car · my brother's house
- 如果复数形式本身已经以 -s 结尾:只加撇号——the students' results
- 不规则复数形式:the children's books
对于物品,英语通常更倾向于用 of 结构,或者用两个名词并列的形式:
- ✅ the leg of the table / the table leg
- 🚫 the table's leg(能听懂,但听起来很奇怪)
物主代词由所有者决定,而不是由后面的名词决定
在英语中,his 还是 her 取决于这件东西属于谁,而从来不取决于后面那个名词本身。
- Anna lost her passport.(是安娜——所以用 her,尽管 passport 本身没有性别)
- Tom called his sister.(是汤姆——所以用 his,尽管 sister 本身是女性)
值得留意的是:中文的「他的」「她的」「它的」虽然书写不同,读音却完全一样,而且是否选对同样只看这件东西属于谁——这一点和英语的逻辑其实是一致的,只是中文在口语中完全体现不出这个区别,容易让人在书写英语时忘记去做这个区分。
Its 和 it's
这是英语中最常见的书写错误之一,哪怕是母语者也常常写错。
- its —— 表示「属于它的」:The dog wagged its tail.
- it's —— it is 或 it has 的缩写:It's raining.
Its 没有撇号。 如果能说得通「it is」,就写 it's;否则就写 its。
这个陷阱还有一个复数版本:
| 单词 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| their | 属于他们的 | their house |
| there | 在那里 | over there |
| they're | they are | they're late |
弄清楚东西是谁的
A: Is this your umbrella?
B: No, mine's the black one. I think it's hers — she left hers by the door.
A: Then whose is this one?
B: Ours, probably. The kids never label anything of theirs.
这里每一个物主代词后面都没有跟名词——所以它们全都属于 mine / hers / ours / theirs 这一列。
自我检测
下面的测验涵盖了全部五组形式,以及撇号的用法。