Ki jan pou pale de sijè abstrè ou pa abitye avèk yo

Nan nivo B2, ou deja ka pale de travay ou ak de lavi ou. Pwochen etap la se sijè ou pa prepare anyen sou yo : etik, tandans, ipotèz — sa egzamen yo ak vrè diskisyon yo poze.

Tandans ak chanjman

• There's been a growing tendency towards remote work.
• The number of applicants has risen sharply / fallen steadily.
• This is increasingly common.
• Attitudes have shifted considerably.

Pè itil : rise / fall, increase / decrease, sharply / gradually / steadily.

Remake separasyon ant vèb ak non, kote anpil moun bite : prices rose (vèb, san konplemen), men a rise in prices (non). Epi trend ale ak towards : a trend towards shorter contracts. Kreyòl la di leve pou toude (Pri yo leve, Yon leve nan pri yo), kidonk fò ou separe yo an angle.

Kòz ak konsekans

• This has led to a shortage of housing.
• One consequence of this is...
• It's largely due to the cost of energy.
• This contributes to the problem, but isn't the only factor.
• The underlying cause is... · This is a symptom rather than a cause.

Ipotèz ak sipozisyon

• If governments were to act now, the effect would be significant.
• It's conceivable that prices will stabilise.
• That would depend on how quickly it's implemented.
• In theory, yes — in practice, it's harder.
• Suppose the funding disappeared — what then?

Agimantasyon ekilibre

Egzaminatè yo ak kolèg travay yo bay plis valè a ponderasyon pase afimasyon katejorik.

• On the one hand... on the other hand...
• While there are clear benefits, there are also risks.
• It depends largely on the context.
• To some extent, yes, but...

Ki jan pou jeneralize san risk

Yon konvèsasyon abstrè mande afimasyon sou gwoup, e afimasyon absoli yo fasil pou refite. Fòmil sa yo pèmèt ou jeneralize san depase limit :

• On the whole, people prefer… · By and large, this holds.
• As a rule, smaller firms are more flexible.
• There are exceptions, but the pattern is clear.
• This is typically the case in urban areas.

Ki jan pou estriktire yon long repons

Yon sijè ou pa prepare vin pi fasil si ou konnen modèl la avan kontni an :

1. Poze kad la. There are really two questions here — whether it works, and whether it's fair.
2. Pran yon pozisyon. On the practical side, the evidence is fairly strong…
3. Fè yon konsesyon. That said, it clearly places a burden on…
4. Pran tè. On balance, I'd say…

Anonse estrikti a fè ou genyen tan pou reflechi e li transfòme yon repons kout an yon bagay reflechi, pa pòv.

Parafraz : yon konpetans siviv

Ou p ap toujou gen mo egzak la nan men ou. Moun ki pale ak aisans dekri konsèp la alantou vid la, olye de yo sispann.

• It's a kind of... — It's a kind of tax on imports.
• It's the thing you use to... — It's the thing you use to measure pressure.
• It's similar to X, but...
• I can't think of the word, but it's when...

Se pa yon echèk. Ezite ak dekri vo pi mye pase rete an silans oswa chanje lang.

Ki jan pou genyen tan

• That's an interesting question.
• Let me think about that for a second.
• I suppose it depends on...

Moun ki pale angle depi yo piti sèvi ak yo tout tan. Sa sonnen natirèl, pa evazif.

Pesonn pa atann ou pou ou yon ekspè nan sijè a. Egzaminatè ki poze yon kesyon sou planifikasyon iben pa evalye konesans ou nan planifikasyon iben, men kapasite ou pou konstwi yon opinyon, fè yon konsesyon sou yon pwen ak fòmile yon ipotèz an angle. Di I don't know much about this, but I'd imagine… epi kontinye pale pandan yon minit rapòte pi plis pase yon silans ki vre.

Yon kesyon ou pa prepare, rezoud ak modèl la

A : Should city centres be closed to cars?

B : That's an interesting question. There are two things there, really — whether it works, and whether it's fair. On the whole, the cities that have tried it have seen air quality improve. That said, it clearly disadvantages people who can't easily use public transport. On balance I'd support it, if the alternatives were in place first.

Yon fòmil pou genyen tan, yon kad, yon jeneralizasyon ki san danje, yon konsesyon ak yon pozisyon — e pa yon gram konesans espesyalize.

Mete sa ou fèk li a a lepwev

Tès ki anba a kouvri lang tandans yo, agimantasyon ekilibre a ak estrateji parafraz la.